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Google Cloud Certified - Professional Cloud DevOps Engineer Exam 認定 Professional-Cloud-DevOps-Engineer 試験問題 (Q11-Q16):

質問 # 11
You are configuring Cloud Logging for a new application that runs on a Compute Engine instance with a public IP address.
A user-managed service account is attached to the instance.
You confirmed that the necessary agents are running on the instance but you cannot see any log entries from the instance in Cloud Logging. You want to resolve the issue by following Google-recommended practices.
What should you do?

A. Update the instance to use the default Compute Engine service account.
B. Export the service account key and configure the agents to use the key.
C. Add the Logs Writer role to the service account.
D. Enable Private Google Access on the subnet that the instance is in.

正解：C

解説：
To use Cloud Logging, the service account attached to the Compute Engine instance must have the necessary permissions to write log entries. The Logs Writer role (roles/logging.logWriter) provides this permission. You can grant this role to the user-managed service account at the project, folder, or organization level1.
Private Google Access is not required for Cloud Logging, as it allows instances without external IP addresses to access Google APIs and services2. The default Compute Engine service account already has the Logs Writer role, but it is not a recommended practice to use it for user applications3. Exporting the service account key and configuring the agents to use the key is not a secure way of authenticating the service account, as it exposes the key to potential compromise4.
Explanation:
The correct answer is
Reference:
1: Access control with IAM | Cloud Logging | Google Cloud
2: Private Google Access overview | VPC | Google Cloud
3: Service accounts | Compute Engine Documentation | Google Cloud
4: Best practices for securing service accounts | IAM Documentation | Google Cloud

質問 # 12
The new version of your containerized application has been tested and is ready to be deployed to production on Google Kubernetes Engine (GKE) You could not fully load-test the new version in your pre-production environment and you need to ensure that the application does not have performance problems after deployment Your deployment must be automated What should you do?

A. Deploy the application by using kubectl and set the spec. updatestrategy. type field to RollingUpdate Use Cloud Monitoring to look for performance issues, and run the kubectl rollback command if there are any issues.
B. Deploy the application through a continuous delivery pipeline by using canary deployments Use Cloud Monitoring to look for performance issues, and ramp up traffic as supported by the metrics
C. Deploy the application through a continuous delivery pipeline by using blue/green deployments Migrate traffic to the new version of the application and use Cloud Monitoring to look for performance issues
D. Deploy the application by using kubectl and use Config Connector to slowly ramp up traffic between versions. Use Cloud Monitoring to look for performance issues

正解：B

解説：
Explanation
The best option for deploying a new version of your containerized application to production on GKE and ensuring that the application does not have performance problems after deployment is to deploy the application through a continuous delivery pipeline by using canary deployments, use Cloud Monitoring to look for performance issues, and ramp up traffic as supported by the metrics. A canary deployment is a deployment strategy that involves releasing a new version of an application to a subset of users or servers and monitoring its performance and reliability. This way, you can test the new version in the production environment with real traffic and load, and gradually increase the traffic as the metrics indicate. You can use Cloud Monitoring to collect and analyze metrics from your application and GKE cluster, such as latency, error rate, CPU utilization, and memory usage. You can also use Cloud Monitoring to set up alerts and dashboards to track the performance of your application.

質問 # 13
Your development team has created a new version of their service's API. You need to deploy the new versions of the API with the least disruption to third-party developers and end users of third-party installed applications. What should you do?

A. Announce deprecation of the old version of the API.Contact remaining users on the old API.Introduce the new version of the API.Deprecate the old version of the API.Provide best effort support to users of the old API.Turn down the old version of the API.
B. Announce deprecation of the old version of the API.Introduce the new version of the API.Contact remaining users on the old API.Deprecate the old version of the API.Turn down the old version of the API.Provide best effort support to users of the old API.
C. Introduce the new version of the API.Contact remaining users of the old API.Announce deprecation of the old version of the API.Deprecate the old version of the API.Turn down the old version of the API.Provide best effort support to users of the old API.
D. Introduce the new version of the API.Announce deprecation of the old version of the API.Deprecate the old version of the API.Contact remaining users of the old API.Provide best effort support to users of the old API.Turn down the old version of the API.

正解：D

質問 # 14
Your company runs services on Google Cloud. Each team runs their applications in a dedicated project. New teams and projects are created regularly. Your security team requires that all logs are processed by a security information and event management (SIEM) system. The SIEM ingests logs by using Pub/Sub. You must ensure that all existing and future logs are scanned by the SIEM. What should you do?

A. Create an organization-level aggregated sink with a SIEM log bucket as the destination. Set an inclusion filter to include all logs.
B. Create an organization-level aggregated sink with a SIEM Pub/Sub topic as the destination. Set an inclusion filter to include all logs.
C. Create a project-level logging sink with a SIEM Pub/Sub topic as the destination. Set an inclusion filter to include all logs. Repeat for each project.
D. Create a folder-level aggregated sink with a SIEM Pub/Sub topic as the destination. Set an inclusion filter to include all logs. Repeat for each folder.

正解：B

解説：
Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation:
To ensure all logs (existing and future) are automatically processed by the SIEM system, the best approach is:
Use an organization-level aggregated sink # Captures logs from all existing and future projects automatically.
Send logs to a Pub/Sub topic # Since the SIEM ingests logs via Pub/Sub, this ensures logs are streamed in real- time.
Set an inclusion filter # To capture all logs needed by the security team.
#Why not other options?
B (Project-level logging sink)## Requires manual setup per project, which doesn't scale for new projects.
C (Log bucket instead of Pub/Sub)## SIEM is expecting real-time log ingestion via Pub/Sub, not a storage- based approach.
D (Folder-level logging sink)## Only applies to specific folders, not the entire organization.
#Official Reference:
Aggregated Sinks for Cloud Logging
Exporting Logs to SIEM via Pub/Sub

質問 # 15
You are deploying an application to Cloud Run. The application requires a password to start. Your organization requires that all passwords are rotated every 24 hours, and your application must have the latest password. You need to deploy the application with no downtime. What should you do?

A. Store the password in Secret Manager and send the secret to the application by using environment variables.
B. Store the password in Secret Manager and mount the secret as a volume within the application.
C. Use Cloud Build to add your password into the application container at build time. Ensure that Artifact Registry is secured from public access.
D. Store the password directly in the code. Use Cloud Build to rebuild and deploy the application each time the password changes.

正解：B

解説：
The correct answer is B, Store the password in Secret Manager and mount the secret as a volume within the application.
Secret Manager is a service that allows you to securely store and manage sensitive data such as passwords, API keys, certificates, and tokens. You can use Secret Manager to rotate your secrets automatically or manually, and access them from your Cloud Run applications1.
There are two ways to use secrets from Secret Manager in Cloud Run:
As environment variables: You can set environment variables that point to secrets in Secret Manager. Cloud Run will resolve the secrets at runtime and inject them into the environment of your application. However, this method has some limitations, such as:
The environment variables are cached for up to 10 minutes, so you may not get the latest version of the secret immediately.
The environment variables are visible in plain text in the Cloud Console and the Cloud SDK, which may expose sensitive information.
The environment variables are limited to 4 KB of data, which may not be enough for some secrets.2 As file system volumes: You can mount secrets from Secret Manager as files in a volume within your application. Cloud Run will create a tmpfs volume and write the secrets as files in it. This method has some advantages, such as:
The files are updated every 30 seconds, so you can get the latest version of the secret faster.
The files are not visible in the Cloud Console or the Cloud SDK, which provides better security.
The files can store up to 64 KB of data, which allows for larger secrets.3 Therefore, for your use case, it is better to use the second method and mount the secret as a file system volume within your application. This way, you can ensure that your application has the latest password, and you can deploy it with no downtime.
To mount a secret as a file system volume in Cloud Run, you can use the following command:
gcloud beta run deploy SERVICE --image IMAGE_URL --update-secrets=/path/to/file=secretName:version where:
SERVICE is the name of your Cloud Run service.
IMAGE_URL is the URL of your container image.
/path/to/file is the path where you want to mount the secret file in your application.
secretName is the name of your secret in Secret Manager.
You can also use the Cloud Console to mount secrets as file system volumes. For more details, see Mounting secrets from Secret Manager.
Reference:
1: Overview | Secret Manager Documentation | Google Cloud
2: Using secrets as environment variables | Cloud Run Documentation | Google Cloud
3: Mounting secrets from Secret Manager | Cloud Run Documentation | Google Cloud

質問 # 16
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